Hikayat Hang Tuah

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Hikayat Hang Tuah (Jawi: حكاية هڠ تواه; "The Tale of Hang Tuah") is a work of classical Malay literature centred on the legendary warrior Hang Tuah and his service to the ruler of the Malacca Sultanate. It follows Hang Tuah and his four companions, Hang Jebat, Hang Kasturi, Hang Lekir and Hang Lekiu, from their youth at Bentan to the Malaccan court, and recounts his military exploits, diplomatic missions, travels to foreign courts, the rebellion of Hang Jebat and the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese. The work combines heroic narrative, romance, travel, warfare, diplomacy, statecraft and religious material. Vladimir Braginsky described it as a Malay historical-heroic epic and compared its treatment of kingship and service to a Muslim mirror for princes. The author is unknown, and the date and manner of composition remain uncertain. The surviving textual tradition includes events as late as the Dutch–Johor conquest of Portuguese Malacca in 1641. Vladimir Braginsky argued that it was composed as a unified work in Johor between 1688 and the 1710s. Henri Chambert-Loir instead allowed for an earlier layer followed by revision. The earliest known external notice appears in François Valentijn's Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën, published in 1726. The oldest known dated manuscript, Leiden University Libraries Cod. Or. 1762, was copied in 1758. Two other manuscripts, MSS 1658 and MSS 1713 at the National Library of Malaysia, were inscribed on the Memory of the World Register in 2001.

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