Modern Painters

Sinopse

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Modern Painters (1843–1860) is a five-volume work of art criticism by the Victorian art critic John Ruskin, begun when he was 24 years old and based on material collected in Switzerland in 1842. Ruskin argues that recent painters emerging from the tradition of the picturesque are superior in the art of landscape to the old masters. The book was primarily written as a defence of the later work of J. M. W. Turner; the various other contemporary artists discussed get little praise, and many of the old masters are harshly criticised. Ruskin used the book to argue that art should devote itself to the accurate documentation of nature. In Ruskin's view, Turner had developed from early detailed documentation of nature to a later more profound insight into natural forces and atmospheric effects. In this way, Modern Painters reflects "Landscape and Portrait-Painting" (1829) in The Yankee by American art critic John Neal by distinguishing between "things seen by the artist" and "things as they are". Ruskin added later volumes in subsequent years. Volume two (1846) placed emphasis on symbolism in art, expressed through nature. The second volume was influential on the early development of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. In the third volume, in 1854, Ruskin coined the term ‘pathetic fallacy’, describing the attribution of human emotion to natural things that are not human. He produced three more volumes, with the fifth and final volume appearing in 1860. The fifth volume marked the end of the formational and important part of Ruskin's life in which his father had a great influence.

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1 de janeiro de 1860

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John Ruskin